Which description best fits the typical CF lung pathology?

• A. Bronchiectasis due to mucus plugging
• B. Lobar pneumonia
• C. Pleural effusion
• D. Pulmonary edema

Answer: (A)

Chronic thick mucus in cystic fibrosis leads to persistent airway obstruction and recurrent infections, driving destruction and dilation of the bronchi—bronchiectasis. The mucus plugs and damaged airways produce the classic CF lung pattern: dilated airways with thick secretions, often seen on CT as bronchiectasis with plugging. This description best fits CF lung disease. Lobar pneumonia is an acute focal consolidation, pleural effusion is fluid in the pleural space, and pulmonary edema reflects fluid overload; none capture the persistent bronchial dilation and mucus plugging seen in CF.