Which exposure is listed as a risk factor for asthma exacerbations?

• A. Exposure to dust, pollens, dander, tobacco smoke, cold air, mold, and cockroach exposure
• B. Regular exercise
• C. Adequate vaccination
• D. Lack of exposure to allergens

Answer: (A)

Environmental triggers that irritate the airways or provoke allergic inflammation are key factors that push asthma from stable control into an exacerbation. Exposure to dust, pollens, animal dander, tobacco smoke, cold air, mold, and cockroach allergens can provoke airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in sensitized individuals, leading to wheeze, cough, and shortness of breath that characterize an exacerbation.

Regular exercise generally improves asthma control and is not considered a broad risk factor for exacerbations, though some people may experience exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Adequate vaccination helps prevent respiratory infections that commonly trigger flares, so it reduces risk. Lack of exposure to allergens would reduce triggers rather than increase risk.